Japan and the United States have held formal international relations since the mid-19th century. The first encounter between the two countries to be recorded in official documents occurred in 1791 when the Lady Washington became the first American ship to visit Japan in an unsuccessful attempt to sell sea otter pelts. In the 1850s, Japanese ports were opened to American trade for the first time after the Perry Expedition, led by naval officer Commodore Matthew C. Perry, arrived in Japan with a fleet of four Black Ships. In July 1856, Townsend Harris became the first American diplomat to Japan, and in 1858, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, also known as the Harris Treaty, further expanded trade relations and established permanent consulates. The first Japanese Embassy to the United States set sail for San Francisco in 1860, marking diplomatic engagement between the two nations.
"}{"slip": { "id": 135, "advice": "If you want to be happily married, marry a happy person."}}
{"fact":"Cats take between 20-40 breaths per minute.","length":43}
{"fact":"The average lifespan of an outdoor-only (feral and non-feral) is about 3 years; an indoor-only cat can live 16 years and longer. Some cats have been documented to have a longevity of 34 years.","length":192}
{"type":"standard","title":"Friand","displaytitle":"Friand","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5503338","titles":{"canonical":"Friand","normalized":"Friand","display":"Friand"},"pageid":3849309,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Blueberry_Friand%2C_Australia%2C_January_2006.jpg/330px-Blueberry_Friand%2C_Australia%2C_January_2006.jpg","width":320,"height":327},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Blueberry_Friand%2C_Australia%2C_January_2006.jpg","width":1160,"height":1184},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1282849010","tid":"5ce71a3f-0c33-11f0-9275-0482182eca02","timestamp":"2025-03-29T00:18:39Z","description":"Small almond cake","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friand","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friand?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friand?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Friand"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friand","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Friand","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friand?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Friand"}},"extract":"A friand is a small almond cake, popular in Australia and New Zealand, closely related to the French financier.","extract_html":"
A friand is a small almond cake, popular in Australia and New Zealand, closely related to the French financier.
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{"slip": { "id": 154, "advice": "State the problem in words as clearly as possible."}}